O objetivo é listar as tabelas e colunas que contenham um valor específico.

A solução abaixo funcionou perfeito:

CREATE PROCEDURE FindMyData_String
    @DataToFind NVARCHAR(4000),
    @ExactMatch BIT = 0
AS
SET NOCOUNT ON
 
DECLARE @Temp TABLE(RowId INT IDENTITY(1,1), SchemaName sysname, TableName sysname, ColumnName SysName, DataType VARCHAR(100), DataFound BIT)
 
    INSERT  INTO @Temp(TableName,SchemaName, ColumnName, DataType)
    SELECT  C.Table_Name,C.TABLE_SCHEMA, C.Column_Name, C.Data_Type
    FROM    Information_Schema.Columns AS C
            INNER Join Information_Schema.Tables AS T
                ON C.Table_Name = T.Table_Name
        AND C.TABLE_SCHEMA = T.TABLE_SCHEMA
    WHERE   Table_Type = 'Base Table'
            And Data_Type In ('ntext','text','nvarchar','nchar','varchar','char')
 
 
DECLARE @i INT
DECLARE @MAX INT
DECLARE @TableName sysname
DECLARE @ColumnName sysname
DECLARE @SchemaName sysname
DECLARE @SQL NVARCHAR(4000)
DECLARE @PARAMETERS NVARCHAR(4000)
DECLARE @DataExists BIT
DECLARE @SQLTemplate NVARCHAR(4000)
 
SELECT  @SQLTemplate = CASE WHEN @ExactMatch = 1
                            THEN 'If Exists(Select *
                                           From   ReplaceTableName
                                           Where  Convert(nVarChar(4000), [ReplaceColumnName])
                                                        = ''' + @DataToFind + '''
                                           )
                                      Set @DataExists = 1
                                  Else
                                      Set @DataExists = 0'
                            ELSE 'If Exists(Select *
                                           From   ReplaceTableName
                                           Where  Convert(nVarChar(4000), [ReplaceColumnName])
                                                        Like ''%' + @DataToFind + '%''
                                           )
                                      Set @DataExists = 1
                                  Else
                                      Set @DataExists = 0'
                            END,
        @PARAMETERS = '@DataExists Bit OUTPUT',
        @i = 1
 
SELECT @i = 1, @MAX = MAX(RowId)
FROM   @Temp
 
WHILE @i <= @MAX
    BEGIN
        SELECT  @SQL = REPLACE(REPLACE(@SQLTemplate, 'ReplaceTableName', QUOTENAME(SchemaName) + '.' + QUOTENAME(TableName)), 'ReplaceColumnName', ColumnName)
        FROM    @Temp
        WHERE   RowId = @i
 
 
        PRINT @SQL
        EXEC SP_EXECUTESQL @SQL, @PARAMETERS, @DataExists = @DataExists OUTPUT
 
        IF @DataExists =1
            UPDATE @Temp SET DataFound = 1 WHERE RowId = @i
 
        SET @i = @i + 1
    END
 
SELECT  SchemaName,TableName, ColumnName
FROM    @Temp
WHERE   DataFound = 1
GO

Para aplicar a função:

exec FindMyData_string 'google', 0

fonte:

https://blogs.lessthandot.com/index.php/datamgmt/datadesign/the-ten-most-asked-sql-server-questions-1/